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CWNP CWAP-403 Exam Topics:
| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
Protocol Analysis - 15% | |
| Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods and locations | - Install monitor mode drivers |
| Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions | - Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets - Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets - Configure and display columns for analysis purposes - View frame and packet decodes and understand the information shown and apply it to the analysis process - Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels - Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures - View and use captures statistical information for analysis - Use expert mode for analysis - View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis |
| Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools | - Save to disk - Packet slicing - Event triggers - Buffer options - Channels and channel widths - Capture filters - Channel scanning and dwell time |
| Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for the purposes of analysis and troubleshooting | - WLAN scanners and discovery tools - Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools - Centralized monitoring, alerting and forensic tools |
| Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types | - Define the problem - Determine the scale of the problem - Identify probably causes - Capture and analyze the data - Observe the problem - Choose appropriate remediation steps - Document the problem and resolution |
Spectrum Analysis - 15% | |
| Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers | - Install, configure and use spectrum analysis software and hardware
- Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions - Understand and use spectrum analyzer views
|
| Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues | - Determine the RF noise floor in an environment - Determine Signal-to-Noise Ration (SNR) for a given signal - Locate and identify sources of RF interference - Identify RF channel utilization - Analyze a non-Wi-Fi transmitter and its impact on WLAN communications - Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference - Poor performing or faulty radios |
| Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures | - Identify frequency hopping devices
- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures
|
| Centralized spectrum analysis solutions | - AP-based spectrum analysis |
PHY Layers and Technologies - 10% | |
| Understand and describe the functions and the PLCP and PMD sublayers | |
| Apply the understanding of PHY technologies (including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation and data rates) to captured data | - DSSS |
| Identify and use PHY information provided in pseudo-headers within protocol analyzers | - Pseudo-header formats
- Signal strength |
| Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers in capturing PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers | |
| Use appropriate capture devices based on an understanding of PHY types | - Supported PHYs - Supported spatial streams - Short Guard Interval (SGI) |
MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25% | |
| Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation | |
| Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis | - Management, control, and data frames
- 802.11 Management Frame Formats
- Data and QoS Data Frame Formats
|
| Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis | - Country code - Minimum basic rate - Supported rates - Beacon intervals - WMM settings - RSN settings - HT and VHT operations - Channel width - Primary channel - Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs |
| Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames | |
WLAN Medium Access - 10% | |
| Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs | - Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
- Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)
- Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)
|
| Analyze QoS configuration and operations | - Verify QoS parameters in capture files - Ensure QoS is implemented end-to-end |
802.11 Frame Exchanges - 25% | |
| Capture, understand, and analyze BSS discovery and joining frame exchanges | - BSS discovery |
| Analyze roaming behavior and resolve problems related to roaming | - Sticky clients - Excessive roaming - Channel aggregation for roaming analysis |
| Analyze data frame exchanges | - Data frames and acknowledgement frames - RTS/CTS data frame exchanges - QoS data frame exchanges - Block Acknowledgement exchanges |
| Analyze HT/VHT-specific transmission methods | - MIMO - Transmit Beamforming (TxBF) - MU-MIMO - Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU) |
| Analyze behavior and resolve problems related to MAC layer operations | - Power Save operations - Protection mechanisms - Load balancing - Band Steering |
Reference: https://www.cwnp.com/certifications/cwap
Certification Path
There is no prerequisite for this exam.
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The list below indicates the main topics one should study thoroughly to succeed in the exam:
- Spectrum Analysis
- MAC Sublayer and Functions
- PHY Layers and Technologies
- Protocol Analysis
- 802.11 Frame Exchanges
- WLAN Medium Access
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