ISTQB-Agile-Public Free Certification Exam Material from Dumps4PDF with 42 Questions
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NEW QUESTION # 22
Why is regression of software a high risk in agile projects?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Regression is built into software as a safeguard against unexpected failures.
- B. Test-driven development means that existing functionality is not considered.
- C. Test automation can cause regression of software in the test environment.
- D. There is code churn due to change in business needs over several sprints.
Answer: D
Explanation:
In agile projects, the high risk of regression is primarily due to the code churn that occurs as business needs change over the course of several sprints. This is inherent in the agile process, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaborative effort. The iterative nature of agile projects means that as new features are added or existing features are modified to meet evolving business needs, previously tested and stable parts of the software might be affected, leading to potential regression issues. This phenomenon is well-recognized in agile methodologies and necessitates rigorous regression testing practices to ensure that new changes do not adversely affect existing functionalities.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following allows a developer to define accurate unit tests focused on business needs?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Test-Driven Development
- B. Behavior-Driven Development
- C. Design-Driven Development
- D. Acceptance Test-Driven Development
Answer: B
Explanation:
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) allows developers to define accurate unit tests focused on business needs by bridging the communication gap between technical and non-technical team members. BDD uses scenarios in plain language that describe the behavior of the application from the end-user's perspective, ensuring that the development focus remains on delivering features that provide real value to the business.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding early and frequent feedback?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Early feedback decreases the amount of time needed for system testing.
- B. Early feedback provides the Agile team with information on its productivity.
- C. Early feedback promotes early discovery and resolution of quality problems.
- D. Early feedback helps to deliver a product that better reflects what the customer wants.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Early and frequent feedback is fundamental in Agile methodologies to ensure the product meets customer needs and to identify and resolve issues promptly. However, the statement that early feedback decreases the time needed for system testing (Option C) is misleading. While early feedback helps in identifying and resolving issues at an early stage, it does not necessarily reduce the overall time required for system testing. System testing is a comprehensive phase that assesses the system's compliance with the specified requirements. Agile practices, such as continuous integration and testing, aim to maintain a high quality throughout the development process, but they do not eliminate the need for thorough system testing to validate the product before release.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which statement about an Agile task board is CORRECT?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. It is a detailed visual representation of the status of testing.
- B. It is updated once at the end of each iteration.
- C. Only "in progress' tasks are shown on the task board.
- D. It provides detailed visual representation of the whole team's status.
Answer: D
Explanation:
An Agile task board is a visual management tool used by Agile teams to track the progress of work items during an iteration or sprint. It typically includes columns for different stages of work (e.g., To Do, In Progress, Done) and cards or sticky notes representing individual tasks or user stories. The task board provides a detailed visual representation of the whole team's status, allowing team members and stakeholders to quickly see what work is in progress, what has been completed, and what is yet to be started. This visibility supports transparency, one of the core values of Agile, and facilitates communication and collaboration within the team. The task board is updated regularly, often daily during stand-up meetings, to reflect the most current status of the work.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of the following would provide the MOST independence for testers working with agile teams?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Testers from an independent test team are assigned on-demand for the final days of each sprint.
- B. Testers are fully embedded in each Agile team to perform many of the testing tasks.
- C. Testers from an independent test team who do not get involved with the Agile team, but are assigned to do System Testing once all sprints are completed.
- D. Testers from an independent test team are assigned to the Agile team at the beginning of the project, returning for re assignment to a new agile team.
Answer: B
Explanation:
In Agile project environments, embedding testers within the Agile teams promotes close collaboration, immediate feedback, and continuous improvement, essential principles of Agile methodologies. This integration enables testers to be involved in all stages of the development process, from planning and design to execution and review, facilitating early detection of defects, understanding of user requirements, and adherence to quality standards. The Agile Manifesto emphasizes individuals and interactions over processes and tools, advocating for collaborative team environments where business people and developers work together daily throughout the project. This approach contrasts with traditional methods where testing is often conducted in isolation or after development phases, potentially leading to delays and reduced quality due to the late discovery of issues.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Consider an online application that allows registered users to pay the annual car tax based on the vehicle's engine power in kW. Given the following user story:
"As a customer I need the online application to calculate the annual car tax amount that I need to pay for my car":
- If the power of the vehicle is less than 20 kW, then the annual car tax is free
- If the power of the vehicle is more or equal than 20 kW but less or equal than 150 kW, then the annual car tax is 250 Euros
- If the power of the vehicle is more than 150 kW, then the annual car tax is 750 Euros" What is the MOST suitable use of a black-box test design technique for this user story?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. State transition testing. Test the transitions between the following states: logging In. inserting the power of the vehicle, making payment, logging out
- B. Decision table testing. Test the following conditions:
Condltions=reglstered user logged In; inserted power of the vehlcle=20kW; Action=Car tax paid - C. Use case testing.
Test the following use case (Actor=registered user):
Pre-condition=registered user logged in
Scenario=registered user inserts the power of the vehicle, making payment and logs out Post-condition=car tax paid and registered user logged out - D. Equivalence partitioning. Test the annual car tax value for the following partitions: [power of the vehicle<20 kW; 20 kW ?power of the vehicle?! 50 kW; power of the vehicle>150 kW]
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following is the BEST way for a test team to keep its independence when working in an Agile development environment?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Co-locate only some of the testers with the Agile development team, while the rest of the testers are in a different location.
- B. Assign testers to be members of the Agile team, but ensure the testers report to a different manager than the developers.
- C. Locate the team that develops the test automation framework in a different location to the Agile development team.
- D. Share the Test Strategy with the Agile development team, but not the details of the Test Cases.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Maintaining the independence of the test team within an Agile development environment can be achieved by integrating testers into the Agile teams while ensuring they have a separate reporting line. This arrangement helps in preserving the objectivity of the testing function without isolating testers from the collaborative and fast-paced Agile environment. Testers contribute to the team's activities and participate in all Agile ceremonies, fostering a strong collaboration and understanding of the product. However, by reporting to a different manager, testers can maintain an independent perspective, which is crucial for unbiased quality assurance. This approach aligns with Agile values of collaboration and individuals and interactions over processes and tools, while also respecting the need for independent verification and validation of the software product.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following is a benefit of a whole-team approach?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Enables reduction in test duplication as the testers and test engineers function as a single team.
- B. Enables the team to focus on solely their separate areas of expertise and responsibility.
- C. Enables the various skill sets within the team to be leveraged to the benefit of the project.
- D. Enables testers to execute their responsibility for quality for the combined team
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following statements about the benefits of the Agile processes promoting early and frequent feedback is NOT true?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. In Agile projects where feedback is provided early and frequently, defects and incorrect requirements are caught earlier and those problems can be fixed faster.
- B. Feedback from well-conducted Agile retrospectives can be used to positively affect the development process over the course of the next iteration.
- C. Increasing the frequency of feedback and communication between all the stakeholders involved in Agile projects eliminates all communication problems.
- D. Early and frequent feedback enables the team to deliver the features that represent the highest business value to the customer first.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Option B is not true regarding the benefits of Agile processes promoting early and frequent feedback. The statement, "Increasing the frequency of feedback and communication between all the stakeholders involved in Agile projects eliminates all communication problems," overstates the capability of Agile methodologies. While Agile practices such as Scrum and Kanban emphasize continuous feedback and collaboration to improve project outcomes and adapt to changes, they do not claim to eliminate all communication problems.
Communication challenges can arise due to various factors, including but not limited to, differences in stakeholders' perspectives, misunderstandings, and external constraints. Agile methodologies aim to reduce the impact of these challenges by promoting transparency, regular interactions, and adaptive planning. Tools like daily stand-ups, retrospectives, and sprint reviews facilitate ongoing dialogue among team members and stakeholders, helping to identify and address issues promptly. However, these practices enhance communication effectiveness rather than eliminating all potential communication problems.
In contrast, options A, C, and D accurately reflect the principles and benefits of Agile methodologies. Early and frequent feedback helps in identifying and rectifying defects and misalignments with requirements more quickly (A), improves development processes through reflective practices like retrospectives (C), and ensures that the team prioritizes work that delivers the highest value to the customer (D).
Therefore, option B is the verified answer as it presents an unrealistic expectation of Agile processes' impact on communication challenges, contradicting the Agile Manifesto's acknowledgment of the complexity and collaborative nature of software development.
NEW QUESTION # 31
You are a tester in an agile team. The user story you are due to test is still under development so your tests are blocked. The main issue holding progress on this user story is that the developer's unit tests are constantly failing.
As an agile tester, which of the following actions should you take?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Review the design of the problematic user story and improve it where possible.
- B. Create a bug report for each of your blocked tests.
- C. Use the time to improve and automate existing test cases of other user stories.
- D. Work together with the developer, suggesting reasons why the tests are failing.
Answer: D
Explanation:
In Agile teams, collaboration and direct communication are key. When faced with blocked tests due to ongoing development or failing unit tests, an agile tester should collaborate with the developer to identify and resolve the issues. This approach encourages teamwork, knowledge sharing, and problem-solving, leading to more efficient and effective resolution of blocking issues.
NEW QUESTION # 32
You are a tester in an agile team. The user story you are due to test is still under development so your tests are blocked. The main issue holding progress on this user story is that the developer's unit tests are constantly failing.
As an agile tester, which of the following actions should you take?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Review the design of the problematic user story and improve it where possible.
- B. Create a bug report for each of your blocked tests.
- C. Use the time to improve and automate existing test cases of other user stories.
- D. Work together with the developer, suggesting reasons why the tests are failing.
Answer: D
Explanation:
In Agile teams, collaboration and direct communication are key. When faced with blocked tests due to ongoing development or failing unit tests, an agile tester should collaborate with the developer to identify and resolve the issues. This approach encourages teamwork, knowledge sharing, and problem-solving, leading to more efficient and effective resolution of blocking issues.
NEW QUESTION # 33
You are working in a team preparing a bank loan application. Your task is the preparation of acceptance tests for the following user story:
"IF a customer needs a loan for less than 50,000 Euros and they have made repayments regularly (without any delay) and the customers monthly income is more than 3000 Euros for the last year, THEN the bank will accept the loan request; in other cases the bank will not accept the request. A customer assistant is responsible for preparing data for approval but the approval is done by the bank manager." Which of the following test cases can be treated as acceptance test criteria for the above user story?
i) As a customer assistant I can log in to the system and check the history of the customer account for the last year.
ii) As a customer assistant I can log in to the system and check the history of the customer debts and repayments.
iii) As a customer assistant I can log in to the system and change my password.
iv) As a bank manager I can log in to the system and receive the information of all requests waiting for approval.
v) As a bank manager I can log in to the system and decide whether to approve a loan for a customer.
vl) As a bank manager I can log in to the system within 10 seconds.
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Acceptance test criteria are i, ii, iii and vi
- B. Acceptance test criteria are ii, iv, v and vi
- C. Acceptance test criteria are i, ii, iv and v
- D. Acceptance test criteria are i, iii, iv and v
Answer: C
Explanation:
The acceptance test criteria for the user story should ensure that the system can effectively evaluate loan requests based on the specified conditions. Criteria i) and ii) allow the customer assistant to access and verify customer account history and repayment behaviors, which are essential for assessing loan eligibility as per the user story. Criteria iv) and v) enable the bank manager to review and make decisions on loan requests, aligning with the user story's stipulation that the bank manager is responsible for loan approvals. These criteria ensure the system supports both the customer assistant's preparatory role and the bank manager's decision-making role in the loan approval process.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following statements about a test charter are CORRECT?
i) It is used mainly in exploratory tests.
ii) It is used to monitor a test process.
iii) It may make reference to user stories.
iv) It contains notes taken during a test session.
v) It is used to outline the company test policy.
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. ii. v
- B. ii, iv, v
- C. i, iii, iv
- D. ii, iii, iv
Answer: C
Explanation:
A test charter is primarily used in exploratory testing (i) to guide the test session with a clear mission or objective, which might be related to specific functionalities, user stories, or areas of the application, making reference to user stories (iii) plausible. It also contains notes taken during the test session (iv), which are crucial for documenting observations, anomalies, and insights gained during exploratory testing. This approach aligns with Agile's emphasis on individuals and interactions and responding to change, as exploratory testing is inherently adaptive and relies on the tester's skill, creativity, and intuition. It contrasts with more traditional, documentation-heavy approaches, emphasizing the value of working software and collaboration.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following is a risk that continuous integration introduces?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Teams sometimes over-rely on unit tests and exclude some important system and acceptance tests.
- B. Teams no longer have the ability to run manual tests, as all tests must be automated.
- C. Developer's workload is increased, which can result in a reduction of output.
- D. Testers sometimes have too many builds to test, which reduces the quality of testing.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Continuous integration introduces the risk of having too many builds for testers to evaluate, potentially reducing the quality of testing. With frequent integration of new code and automated builds, testers may face challenges in keeping up with the pace, leading to less thorough testing and the possibility of defects slipping through.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of the following is NOT a typical task performed by the tester within an Agile team?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Working with business stakeholders to clarify requirements.
- B. Suggesting improvements in team retrospectives.
- C. Ensuring all project status meetings are held according to the plan.
- D. Ensuring the appropriate testing tasks are scheduled during iteration planning.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 37
User Story: As a user I want to be able to calculate tax percentage based on amount of income.
What is the best black box test design technique for verifying the accuracy of this user story?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. User story testing - test that the user can enter an income amount and get a result
- B. State transition testing - test all states of income entry.
- C. Statement testing - test all statements in income calculation.
- D. Equivalence partitioning - test with low, medium and high income.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Equivalence partitioning is a black box test design technique suitable for verifying the accuracy of user stories like the one described. It involves dividing input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. For a user story involving tax percentage calculation based on income, Equivalence Partitioning allows the creation of test cases for different income ranges (low, medium, high) to ensure that the system accurately calculates tax percentages for each partition, thus covering various scenarios within the application's functionality.
NEW QUESTION # 38
In a sprint planning, the product owner presents a user story written on a card. The team starts having a discussion with the product owner to get an understanding on how the software should work.
The user story written on the card is:
"As a customer, I want to subscribe to the mailing list so that I can receive the latest deal in an email." By applying the 3C concept, which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Product owner has written a user story and confirmation is not needed.
- B. Conversation should include the acceptance criteria discussion.
- C. The card should contain requirements not the user story.
- D. The conversation is not required and the team should start developing.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The 3C concept in Agile development refers to Card, Conversation, and Confirmation. This concept emphasizes the collaborative and iterative nature of defining user stories and their acceptance criteria in Agile projects. In the context of the provided user story, "As a customer, I want to subscribe to the mailing list so that I can receive the latest deal in an email," option A is correct. The conversation should include the acceptance criteria discussion, which is an integral part of the 3C concept.
The Card represents the user story itself, which is a brief statement describing a feature or requirement from the user's perspective. The Conversation involves discussions between the development team and the product owner (or other stakeholders) to clarify the details and ensure a mutual understanding of the user story. This conversation is crucial for exploring the user story's implications, discussing potential implementation approaches, and agreeing on the acceptance criteria that define when the story is considered complete and satisfactory.
Confirmation involves agreeing on and documenting the acceptance criteria that emerge from the conversation. These criteria serve as a checklist to ensure that the implemented feature meets the user's needs and expectations as defined in the user story.
Option A is the verified answer because it accurately reflects the importance of including acceptance criteria discussions in the conversation phase of the 3C concept. This practice aligns with Agile principles by ensuring clarity, shared understanding, and a focus on delivering value to the customer.
NEW QUESTION # 39
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