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The LPI 010-160 is a foundational-level certification exam developed for individuals who want to build a career with Linux. Passing this test basically validates the candidate's knowledge regarding the Linux command line and Linux operating system. There are no strict prerequisites for this exam, but candidates should be familiar with Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). Basic understanding of open source applications is important too.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following commands sets the variable USERNAME to the value bob?
- A. USERNAME<=bob
- B. var USERNAME=bob
- C. set USERNAME bob
- D. USERNAME=bob
- E. $USERNAME==bob
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 22
A user is currently in thedirectory/home/user/Downloads/and runs the command ls ../Documents/ Assuming it exists, which directory's content is displayed?
- A. /home/user/Documents/
- B. /Documents/
- C. /home/user/Documents/Downloads/
- D. /home/Documents
- E. /home/user/Downloads/Documents/
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following statements are true regarding a typical shell script? (Choose two.)
- A. It is located in /etc/bash/scripts/.
- B. It starts with the two character sequence #!.
- C. It is located in /usr/local/scripts/.
- D. It is compiled into a binary file compatible with the current machine architecture.
- E. It has the executable permission bit set.
Answer: D,E
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which command adds the new usertuxand creates the user's home directory with default configuration files?
- A. useradd -m tux
- B. defaultuser tux
- C. usercreate tux
- D. passwd -a tux
- E. useradd -o default tux
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following commands finds all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case?
- A. igrep linux operating-systems.txt
- B. cut linux operating-systems.txt
- C. grep -i linux operating-systems.txt
- D. less -i linux operating-systems.txt
- E. cut [Ll] [Ii] [Nn] [Uu] [Xx] operating-systems.txt
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 26
What can be found in the /proc/ directory?
- A. One file per existing user account.
- B. One directory per installed program.
- C. One directory per running process.
- D. One log file per running service.
- E. One device file per hardware device.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The /proc/ directory is a virtual file system that contains information about the system and the processes running on it. It is not a conventional file system that stores files on a disk, but rather a dynamic view of the kernel's data structures. One of the features of the /proc/ directory is that it contains one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). For example, the subdirectory
/proc/1/ contains information about the process with PID 1, which is usually the init process. The process subdirectories contain various files that provide information about the process, such as its status, memory usage, open files, environment variables, command line arguments, and more. The /proc/ directory also contains a symbolic link called 'self', whichpoints to the process that is accessing the /proc/ file system.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. One directory per running process.
The other options are incorrect because:
* A. One directory per installed program. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about installed programs, but only about running processes. Installed programs are usually stored in other directories, such as /bin/, /usr/bin/, /opt/, etc.
* B. One device file per hardware device. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain device files, but only virtual files that represent kernel data. Device files are usually stored in the /dev/
* directory, which is another special file system that provides access to hardware devices.
* C. One file per existing user account. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about user accounts, but only about processes. User accounts are usually stored in the /etc/ directory, which contains configuration files, such as /etc/passwd/ and /etc/shadow/, that define the users and their passwords.
* E. One log file per running service. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain log files, but only information files. Log files are usually stored in the /var/log/ directory, which contains various files that record the activities of the system and the services.
References:
* The /proc Filesystem - The Linux Kernel documentation
* A Beginner's Guide to the /proc File System in Linux - Tecmint
* Appendix E. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | Red Hat ...
* Chapter 5. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 | Red Hat ...
* proc file system in Linux - GeeksforGeeks
NEW QUESTION # 27
Reverse DNS assigns hostnames to IP addresses. How is the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 stored on a DNS server?
- A. In the PTR record for165.100.51.198.in-addr.arpA.
- B. In the A record for165.100.51.198.ipv4.arpA.
- C. In the ARPA record for165.100.51.198.rev.
- D. In the REV record forarpA.in-addr.198.51.100.165.
- E. In the RNAME record for198-51-100-165.rev.arpA.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 28
Reverse DNS assigns hostnames to IP addresses. How is the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 stored on a DNS server?
- A. In the ARPA record for 165.100.51.198.rev.
- B. In the RNAME record for 198-51-100-165.rev.arpA.
- C. In the PTR record for 165.100.51.198.in-addr.arpA.
- D. In the REV record for arpA.in-addr.198.51.100.165.
- E. In the A record for 165.100.51.198.ipv4.arpA.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reverse DNS lookups query DNS servers for a PTR (pointer) record; if the server does not have a PTR record, it cannot resolve a reverse lookup. PTR records store IP addresses with their segments reversed, and they append ".in-addr.arpa" to that. For example, if a domain has an IP address of 192.0.2.1, the PTR record will store the domain's information under 1.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa. In IPv6, the latest version of the Internet Protocol, PTR records are stored within the ".ip6.arpa" domain instead of ".in-addr.arpa."1 Therefore, the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 is stored in the PTR record for 165.100.51.198.in-addr.arpa. Reference: 1: Reverse DNS lookup - Wikipedia 1
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following commands sets the variable USERNAME to the value bob?
- A. USERNAME<=bob
- B. var USERNAME=bob
- C. set USERNAME bob
- D. USERNAME=bob
- E. $USERNAME==bob
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct command to set the variable USERNAME to the value bob is USERNAME=bob. This command assigns the string bob to the variable name USERNAME, using the equal sign (=) as the assignment operator. There is no space around the equal sign, and the variable name and value are case-sensitive. This command sets a shell variable, which is only valid in the current shell session. To make the variable an environment variable, which can be inherited by child processes and subshells, you need to use the export command, such as export USERNAME=bob. The other commands are not valid for setting variables in Linux. The set command is used to set or unset shell options and positional parameters, not variables. The $ sign is used to reference the value of a variable, not to assign it. The == sign is used for comparison, not assignment. The var keyword is not used in Linux, but in some other programming languages. The <= sign is used for redirection, not assignment. Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
How to Set and List Environment Variables in Linux | Linuxize
NEW QUESTION # 30
What can be found in the /proc/ directory?
- A. One file per existing user account.
- B. One directory per installed program.
- C. One directory per running process.
- D. One log file per running service.
- E. One device file per hardware device.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The /proc/ directory is a virtual file system that contains information about the system and the processes running on it. It is not a conventional file system that stores files on a disk, but rather a dynamic view of the kernel's data structures. One of the features of the /proc/ directory is that it contains one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). For example, the subdirectory /proc/1/ contains information about the process with PID 1, which is usually the init process. The process subdirectories contain various files that provide information about the process, such as its status, memory usage, open files, environment variables, command line arguments, and more. The /proc/ directory also contains a symbolic link called 'self', which points to the process that is accessing the /proc/ file system. Therefore, the correct answer is D. One directory per running process.
The other options are incorrect because:
A . One directory per installed program. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about installed programs, but only about running processes. Installed programs are usually stored in other directories, such as /bin/, /usr/bin/, /opt/, etc.
B . One device file per hardware device. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain device files, but only virtual files that represent kernel data. Device files are usually stored in the /dev/ directory, which is another special file system that provides access to hardware devices.
C . One file per existing user account. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about user accounts, but only about processes. User accounts are usually stored in the /etc/ directory, which contains configuration files, such as /etc/passwd/ and /etc/shadow/, that define the users and their passwords.
E . One log file per running service. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain log files, but only information files. Log files are usually stored in the /var/log/ directory, which contains various files that record the activities of the system and the services.
Reference:
The /proc Filesystem - The Linux Kernel documentation
A Beginner's Guide to the /proc File System in Linux - Tecmint
Appendix E. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | Red Hat ...
Chapter 5. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 | Red Hat ...
proc file system in Linux - GeeksforGeeks
NEW QUESTION # 31
What is the preferred source for the installation of new applications in a Linux based operating system?
- A. The vendor's version management system
- B. The vendor's website
- C. A CD-ROM disk
- D. The distribution's package repository
- E. A retail store
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 32
A user is currently in the directory/home/user/Downloads/and runs the command ls ../Documents/ Assuming it exists, which directory's content is displayed?
- A. /Documents/
- B. /home/user/Documents/
- C. /home/user/Documents/Downloads/
- D. /home/Documents
- E. /home/user/Downloads/Documents/
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The command ls .../Documents/ lists the contents of the directory /home/user/Documents/. The reason is that the argument .../Documents/ is a relative path that refers to the parent directory of the current directory, which is /home/user/, followed by the subdirectory Documents/. The ls command displays the files and directories in the specified path, or the current directory if no path is given. The command does not change the current directory, so the user remains in /home/user/Downloads/. References:
* Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 103.1, Weight 2
* Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 3, Page 49-50
* Ls Command in Linux (List Files and Directories) | Linuxize
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which permissions are set on a regular file once the permissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?
drw-r-xr--
- A. -rw-r-xr--
- B.
- C. d-wxr-x--
- D. -rwxrw---x
- E. -wxr-x--x
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 34
Why are web browser cookies considered dangerous?
- A. Cookies are always public and accessible to anyone on the internet.
- B. Cookies consume significant amounts of storage and can exhaust disk space.
- C. Cookies store critical data which is lost when a cookie is deleted.
- D. Cookies can contain and execute viruses and malware.
- E. Cookies support identification and tracking of users.
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation
Web browser cookies are small pieces of data that are stored by a website on a user's browser. They are used to remember information about the user, such as preferences, login details, shopping cart items, etc. Cookies can also be used to identify and track users across different websites, which can have implications for privacy and security. For example, cookies can be used to show targeted ads based on the user's browsing history, or to collect personal information without the user's consent. Cookies are not inherently dangerous, but they can pose some risks if they are misused or compromised by malicious actors. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 1.4.2
* 1.4 Lesson 1 - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, slide 18
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following commands creates an archive file work.tarfrom the contents of the directory ./
work/?
- A. tar work > work.tar
- B. tar -cf work.tar ./work/
- C. tar work.tar < ./work/
- D. tar --new work.tar ./work/
- E. tar -create work.tgz -content ./work/
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which files are the source of the information in the following output? (Choose two.) uid=1000 (bob) gid=1000 (bob) groups=1000 (bob), 10 (wheel), 150 (wireshark), 989 (docker), 1001 (libvirt)
- A. /home/index
- B. /etc/group
- C. /etc/id
- D. /etc/passwd
- E. /var/db/users
Answer: B,D
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following commands adds the directory/new/dir/to thePATHenvironment variable?
- A. export PATH=/new/dir: PATH
- B. $PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
- C. PATH=/new/dir: PATH
- D. export PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
- E. export $PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The PATH environment variable is a colon-separated list of directories that the shell searches for commands.
To add a new directory to the PATH, you need to append it to the existing value of the variable, using the syntax PATH=new/dir:PATH. However, this only changes the PATH for the current shell session. To make the change permanent, you need to use the export command, which makes the variable available to all child processes of the shell. The export command takes the name of the variable as an argument, without the dollar sign ($). Therefore, the correct command to add /new/dir/ to the PATH and export it is export PATH=/new/dir:PATH. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
* How to set the path and environment variables in Windows - Computer Hope
NEW QUESTION # 38
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